Christopher M. Quick, Ph.D. Texas A&M Departments of Veterinary Physiology  & Pharmacology and Biomedical Engineering RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS WORK IN PROGRESS ONLINE TEXTBOOK CV Office: (979) 845-2645 Fax: (979) 845-6544 cquick@cvm.tamu.edu

RESEARCH

PUBLICATIONS

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles

1. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Constructive and destructive addition of forward and reflected arterial pulse waves. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280: H1519-H1527, 2001.
2. Quick, C. M., T. Hashimoto, and W. L. Young. Lack of flow regulation may explain the development of arteriovenous malformations. Neurol. Res. 23: 641-644, 2001.
3. Quick, C. M., W. L. Young, and A. Noordergraaf. Infinite number of solutions to the hemodynamic inverse problem. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280: H1472-H1479, 2001.
4. Quick, C. M., W. L. Young, E. F. Leonard, S. Joshi, E. Gao, and T. Hashimoto. Model of structural and functional adaptation of small conductance vessels to arterial hypotension. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279: H1645-H1653, 2000.
5. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, D. A. Hettrick, and A. Noordergraaf. True arterial system compliance derived from apparent arterial compliance. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28: 291-301, 2000.
6. Hashimoto, T., C. W. Emala, S. Joshi, R. Mesa-Tejada, C. M. Quick, L. Feng. A. Libow, D. A. Marchuk, and W. L. Young. Abnormal pattern of tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 47: 910-919, 2000.
7. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Apparent arterial compliance. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 43): H1393-H1404, 1998.
8. Berger, D. S., K. Vlasica, C. M. Quick, K. A. Robinson, and S. G. Shroff. Ejection has both positive and negative effects on left ventricular isovolumic relaxation. Am. J. Physiol. 273(Heart Circ. Physiol. 42): H2696-H2707, 1997.
9. Quick, C. M., H. L. Baldick, N. Safabakhsh, T. J. Lenihan, J. K-J. Li, H. W. Weizsäcker, and A. Noordergraaf. Unstable radii of muscular blood vessels. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 40): H2669-H2676, 1996.
10. Hashimoto, T., R. Mesa-Tejada, C. M. Quick, A. W. Bollen, S. Joshi, J. Pile-Spellman, M. T. Lawton, and W. L. Young. Evidence of increased endothelial cell turnover in brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 49: 124-132, 2001.
11. Quick, C. M., D. J. James, K. Ning, S. Joshi, A. X. Halim, T. Hashimoto, and W. L. Young. Relationship of nidal vessel radius and wall thickness to brain arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage. Neurol. Res. 24: 495-500, 2002.
12. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Arterial pulse wave reflection as feedback. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 49: 440-445, 2002.
13. Hashimoto T., Young W. L., Prohovnik I., Gupta D. K., Ostapkovich N. D., Ornstein E., Halim A. X., Quick C. M.: Clinical report; increased cerebral blood flow after brain arteriovenous malformation resection is substantially independent of changes in cardiac output. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 14: 204-208, 2002.
14. Quick, C. M., E. F. Leonard, and W. L. Young. Adaptation of the cerebral circulation to brain arteriovenous malformations increases feeding artery pressure and decreases regional hypotension Neurosurgery 50: 167-175, 2002.

Conference Articles and Abstracts

1. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Pulse wave reflection described as feedback in the arterial system (platform presentation). Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2001. Biomedical Engineering Society Meeting, Durham, NC, 2001.
2. Quick, C. M., L. D. Jou, and W. L. Young. Adaptation of the cerebral circulation to arteriovenous shunts and vascular occlusion. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2001. Biomedical Engineering Society Meeting, Durham, NC, 2001.
3. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. The arterial system pressure-volume loop. Heart and Vessels 13: 38, 2000. XIV Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 2000. (abstract)
4. Quick, C. M., T. Hashimoto, and W. L. Young. Instability in vascular adaptation can explain the development of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Heart and Vessels 13: 37, 2000. XIV Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 2000. (abstract)
5. Berger, D. S., and C. M. Quick. Reduction of a complex arterial tree into a simple Windkessel. Heart and Vessels 13: 45,2000. XIV Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD,2000. (abstract)
6. Berger, D. S. and C. M. Quick. When the ventricle perceives the arterial system as a Windkessel. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28: S-63, 2000. Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 2000. (abstract)
7. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Input impedance at high and low frequencies reveals effects of propagation and reflection. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28: S-64, 2000. Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 2000. (abstract)
8. Hashimoto, T., R. Mesa-Tejada, C. M. Quick, A. W. Bollen, and W. L. Young. Increased endothelial cell turnover in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 12: 386,2000.
9. Hashimoto, T., C. W. Emala, S. Joshi, C. M. Quick, and W. L. Young. Abnormal pattern of Tie-2 and VEGF receptor expression in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 12: 414, 2000.
10. Hashimoto, T., R. Mesa-Tejada, C. M. Quick, A. W. Bollen, and W. L. Young. Increased endothelial cell turnover in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Anesthesiology 93: A359, 2000. American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting, 2000.
11. Hashimoto, T., C. W. Emala, N. J. Boudreau, C. M. Quick , and W. L. Young. Abnormal expression of angiopoietin-2 and tie-2 in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Anesthesiology 93: A360,2000. American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting, 2000.
12. Benni, P. B., C. M. Quick, B. Chen, H. Bada, C. W. Leffler, and M. L. Daley. NIRS: dose dependency of local changes of cerebral HbO2 and Hb with pCO2 in parietal cortex. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien) 71:258-259, 1998. Tenth International ICP Symposium, Williamsburg, VA, 1997. (abstract)
13. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Direct effects of pulse wave reflection may increase or decrease systolic blood pressure and stroke work. Proceedings, pp. 21-24, 19th Annual International Meeting of IEEE/EMB Society, Chicago, IL, 1997.  (abstract) 
14. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, and A. Noordergraaf. Total arterial compliance from input pressure and flow. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci. Med.   1: 2, 1997. 1st Cardiovascular Medicine, Science, and Mechanics Conference, Washington, DC, 1997. (abstract)
15. Quick, C. M., G. M. Drzewiecki, and J. K-J. Li. Defining resistance in an autoregulating vascular bed. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci. Med. 1: 40, 1997. 1st Cardiovascular Medicine, Science, and Mechanics Conference, Washington, DC, 1997. (abstract)
16. Weizsäcker, H. W., G. W. Desch, C. M. Quick, and A. Noordergraaf. Passive mechanical properties of muscular arteries. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci. Med. 1: 51, 1997. 1st Cardiovascular Medicine, Science, and Mechanics Conference, Washington, DC, 1997.
17. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, D. A. O’Hara, and A. Noordergraaf. Apparent compliance. J. Cardiovasc. Diag. Proc. 13: 297, 1996. XII Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 1996. (abstract)
18. Palladino, J. L., J. P. Mulier, C. M. Quick, and A. Noordergraaf. Otto Frank: stern leader and scrupulous instrument analyst. J. Cardiovasc. Diag. Proc. 13: 302, 1996. XII Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 1996.
19. Lei, C. Q., J. K-J. Li, and C. M. Quick. Comparison of time domain and frequency domain assessments of arterial wave reflections. Proceedings, pp. 7-8. 22nd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, New Brunswick, NJ, 1996.
20. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, D. A. O’Hara, and A. Noordergraaf. Interpretation of Windkessel compliance. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 23: S32, 1995. 39th Annual Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, Boston, MA, 1995. (abstract)
21. Quick, C. M., D. A. O’Hara, and A. Noordergraaf. Pulse wave reflection and arterial inefficiency. Proceedings, 17th Annual International Conference of IEEE/EMB Society, Montreal, 1995. (abstract)
22. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, H. W. Weizsäcker, and A. Noordergraaf. Laplace's Law adapted to a blood vessel with two-phase wall structure. Proceedings, pp. 1-3. 21st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference, Bar Harbor, ME, 1995. (abstract)
23. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, D. A. O’Hara, and A. Noordergraaf. Reconciliation of Windkessel and distributed descriptions of linear arterial systems. ASME BED-29, pp. 469-470, 1995. Summer Bioengineering Conference, Beaver Creek, CO, 1995. (abstract)
24. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, and D. A. O’Hara. Polar analysis of wave reflection in the arterial system. FASEB J. 9: A13, 1995. Experimental Biology, 1995.
25. Quick, C. M., and J. K.-J. Li. The effect of oncotic pressure on the equilibrium radius of blood vessels. Proceedings, 3rd Annual Biomedical Engineering Symposium, Piscataway, NJ, 1994. (abstract)
26. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, and G. M. Drzewiecki. Analytical solution for steady flow in a nonlinearly elastic vessel: prediction of negative resistance for positive transmural pressures. Proceedings, pp. 103-104, 16th Annual International Conference IEEE/EMB Society, Baltimore, MD, 1994. (abstract)
27. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, and A. Noordergraaf. The three-element model predicted from myocyte properties. Proceedings, pp. 816-819. 13th Annual Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, Washington, DC, 1994. (abstract)
28. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, H. L. Baldick, H. W. Weizsäcker, and A. Noordergraaf. Unstable radii in muscular blood vessels. Proceedings, pp. 21-24. 13th Annual Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, Washington, DC, 1994. (abstract)
29. Mozley, P. D., A. Alavi, X. Zhu, M. H. Selikson, S. Galloway, J. Hickey, C. M. Quick, and H. F. Fung. Dosimetry of I-123 Labeled TISCH. J. Nuclear Med. 33: 954, 1992.
    
    

WORK IN PROGRESS

The following abstracts describe manuscripts in various stages of development. If the material is of interest to you, please feel free to contact me. We may be able to collaborate.

Resolving the hemodynamic inverse problem with a Windkessel and an infinitely long tube

The "hemodynamic inverse problem" is defined as the determination of arterial system properties from pressures and flows measured at the entrance of an arterial system. Conventionally, investigators fit reduced arterial system models to data, and the resulting model parameters represent putative arterial properties. It was recently shown, however, that no unique solution to the inverse problem exists; rather, there are an infinite number of arterial system topologies that result in the same input impedance, and therefore the same pressure and flow. There are, nevertheless, exceptions to this theoretical limitation; total arterial resistance (R_tot ), total arterial compliance (C_tot),and characteristic impedance (Z_o) can be uniquely determined from input pressure and flow. These parameters can be determined by means of two historical models: the classical Windkessel and the Infinitely Long Tube (ILT). The Windkessel applies to low frequencies, and the ILT applies to high frequencies. Intermediate frequencies are sensitive to arterial system topology. The current work uses the Windkessel and the ILT to provide a novel means of quantifying the frequencies for which C_tot, Z_o, and arterial topology determine a particular measured pressure-flow relationship. Furthermore, this approach allows the effect of spatial topology and site of reflection on pressure and flow to be determined without assuming a particular arterial system model.

Constructing realistic models of complex vascular systems with little or no data

A vascular system consists of thousands of vessels, each with different radii, lengths, and elastances. To build a representative mathematical model, numerous parameter values are required, many of which are critical, and few of which are easy to obtain. The present work suggests a practical approach to solve this conundrum. First, basic rules governing the structure of vascular networks are established. For instance, the large arteries must have an elastance that yields appropriate pulse wave velocity and reflection; the small conductance vessels must have a radius that yields appropriate shear stress. Second, the microcirculation is described by lumped models with both functional properties (such as autoregulation) and gross mechanical properties (such as total arterial and venous compliances). Parameter values are then determined by an iterative process that adapts the parameter values to fulfill the established rules. This approach is tested by applying it to two vascular systems with different architectures: the systemic arterial system and the cerebral vasculature. It is shown that this approach yields reasonable estimates of known parameters.

Resolving the discrepancy in instantaneous and steady-state resistances in autoregulating vascular networks

The properties of an autoregulating vascular bed are commonly investigated with two experiments. In one, average inflow, Q _in, is set, and the resulting steady-state pressure, P_s(Q_in), is measured. In another, flow is stepped up or down, and the resulting instantaneous pressure,       P_i(Q_in ), is recorded before the system has time to autoregulate (but after flow due to compliance has ceased). From these experiments, investigators have derived peripheral resistance, R_p(Q_in )=P_s/Q_in), and instantaneous resistance, R_i(Q_in)= dP_i/dQ_in. In a single vessel, these values are approximately equal [i.e., R_i( Q_tot)=R_p(Q_tot )]. However, in entire vascular beds, these values are significantly different. In the present work, a possible interpretation of this anomaly is explored. It is assumed that Q_tot=Q_in   + Q_c, where Q_tot is the total flow through the autoregulating vessels, Q_in   is the observed inflow, and Q_c is an unobserved collateral flow. It is then assumed that 1) P_s ( Q_tot) is nonlinear and 2) R_i (Q_tot)=R_p(Q _tot). In agreement with reported data, a nonzero Q _c is predicted to cause three phenomena commonly observed in vascular beds: 1) residual pressure at Q_in=0, 2) R _p(Q_in) > R_i (Q_in), and 3) decrease in R_p (Q_in) with increasing Q_in . These phenomena have previously been ascribed to vascular waterfall. The proposed model does not eliminate this possibility. However, the presence of collateral flow can cause the same phenomena conventionally associated with collapsible vessels.

Explanation for vasodilatory reserve in acute cerebral hypoperfusion

When the internal carotid artery is occluded during neurosurgical procedures, there may be significant reduction in cerebral perfusion. In accordance with current theories of cerebral autoregulation, a severe decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure causes near maximal arteriolar dilation before there is a reduction in CBF. However, it has been shown that during acute cerebral hypotension, in addition to physiological autoregulation, further vasodilation is possible by pharmacological means. This vasodilatory reserve presents a particular challenge to explain. The present work attempts to explain the apparent contradiction with a model that includes the small conductance vessels. It illustrates that in response to acute hypotension, blood flow in the conductance vessels decrease, consequently lowering endothelial shear stress. In response to acute decreases in shear stress, the small conductance vessels constrict. Although the arterioles may be maximally dilated, the conductance vessels are constricted. The small conductance vessels, offering a small but significant resistance to blood flow, thus can be vasodilated by pharmacological means, and are the source of the observed vasodilatory reserve.

Reflection against a nonlinear load

Analysis of steady-state pressure and flow pulses into antegrade and reflected waves is well established for linear systems. Reflection is often described by the reflection coefficient ( G) the ratio of antegrade (P_a ) to reflected waves (P_r) expressed in the frequency domain. However, although particular arterial segments may have a linear pressure-flow relationship locally, arterial loads are often nonlinear. As a result, a forward-traveling wave at a particular harmonic may generate reflected waves at different harmonics. The analysis of reflection against a nonlinear load presents a particular challenge requiring a new approach. In the present work, a new quantity, the incremental reflection coefficient (G _inc) is defined, which is a square matrix relating reflected waves at harmonic i to antegrade waves at harmonic j (i.e., G_incij= P_ri/P_aj). In the special case of linear load, G _ij degenerates into a diagonal matrix, analogous to the conventional description G. The use of this new description is illustrated with example models of nonlinear loads.

ONLINE TEXTBOOK

• The Windkessel
• Pulse propagation in infinitely long tubes
• Pulse transmission theory
• Apparent arterial compliance
• Pulse wave propagation
• Pulse wave reflection
• Pulse reflection sites

Overview

Application of physics has made it possible to predict the blood pressure-flow relationship when the mechanical properties of an arterial bed are known. However, the reverse, inferring arterial properties from a measured pressure-flow relationship, has faced multiple obstacles. 1) The numerous methods to estimate arterial mechanical properties from measured pressure and flow yield inconsistent values. 2) The same data can be described by numerous reduced models; each of which relates the pressure-flow relationship to different properties.3) Different investigators ascribe changes in the arterial pressure-flow relationship, such as those observed in hypertensive and elderly subjects, to fundamentally different arterial properties. Given a particular pressure-flow pair, different investigators interpret the same data differently.

There are currently two incompatible views of the arterial system-Windkessel and Transmission. In the Windkessel Paradigm, the arterial system is viewed as a compliant container that stores blood. In the Transmission Paradigm, the arterial system is viewed as a branching tree that transmits pressure pulses from the heart to the periphery. Consequently, a measured pressure-flow relationship is ascribed either to total arterial compliance and peripheral resistance, or to global reflection, phase velocity, and distribution of reflecting sites. The choice of a particular view predetermines how a measured pressure-flow relationship is interpreted.

The present work integrates Windkessel Theory with Transmission Theory. Generalizing the Windkessel removes an assumption that made these theories incompatible. The resulting Windkessel Paradigm is thus made consonant with, and put on the same footing as, the venerable Transmission Paradigm. Transmission Theory relates the input pressure-flow relationship to characteristic impedance and the global reflection coefficient. It describes the transmission of the pulse. Windkessel Theory, now generalized, relates the input pressure-flow relationship to apparent compliance and apparent resistance. It describes the storage of blood in the arterial system. Reconciling Windkessel and Transmission descriptions of the arterial system provides the means to interpret changes in arterial system pressure and flow that occur with aging or hypertension.

Education

Visiting Postdoctoral Fellow, University of California, San Francisco, CA (2000-2002)
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Columbia University, New York, NY (1999-2000)
Ph.D., Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (1993-1999)
M.S.E., Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (1993)
B.S.E., Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (1989-1993)

Research Experience

• Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Anesthesia, Columbia U. and UCSF (1999-present)
  • Co-investigator, NIH 2R01 NS27713-10A1 (WL Young, PI)
    "Hemodynamics of cerebral arteriovenous malformations"
  • Co-investigator, NIH 1R01 NS37921-01A1 (WL Young, PI)
    "Theoretical modeling of AVM rupture risk "
• Predoctoral Research Fellow, Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University (1993-1999)
  • Reconciled conventional theories relating measured aortic pressure and flow to specific mechanical properties of the arterial system.
  • Determined how compliance, branching, pulse wave velocity and reflection, affect blood pressure in healthy and diseased arterial systems.              
• Research Assistant, Dept. Anesthesia, University of Medicine and Dentistry, NJ (1994-1995)             
  • Designed algorithms and software for computer-controlled automated drug delivery.
• Intern, Division of Cardiac Assist Devices, DataScope, Inc. (1994)
  • Constructed and tested an anatomically accurate fluid-mechanical model of a human systemic arterial system to test intra-aortic balloon pumps.
• Research Assistant, Dept. Radiology, University of Pennsylvania (1991-1993)
  • Devised and implemented nonlinear parameter estimation procedures to estimate dopamine receptor density from PET data.

Teaching Experience

• Teaching Assistant, Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University (1993-1996)
  • Circulatory System Dynamics
  • Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory
• Teaching Assistant, Dept. Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania (1993)
  • Differential Equations for Bioengineers

Awards & Fellowships

National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Training Grant, 1999.
Becton Dickinson Educational Grant, 1997.
American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship, 1995.
Honorable mention, Student Paper Competition, IEEE NE Bioengineering Conf., 1995.
Rutgers University Travel Award, 1994, 1995.
1st Place, Student Paper Competition, 13th Southern Biomed. Eng. Conf., 1994.
Whitaker Travel Award, 1994.

Professional Service

Session Chair, BMES 2001: Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, 2001.
Session Chair, BMES 2000: Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, 2000.
Session Chair, 21st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference, 1995.
Ad hoc reviewer, Am J Physiol, Ann Biomed Eng, Ped Res, Anesthesiol, Stroke, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng

Professional Memberships

American Physiological Society
Biomedical Engineering Society
IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Oral Presentations

Invited

1. Matching Supply to Demand: Structural and Functional Adaptation in Complex Vascular Beds
   Dept. Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, 2002.
   
2. Matching Supply to Demand: Structural and Functional Adaptation in Complex Vascular Networks
   Pritzker Institute of Medical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 2001.
   
3. Blood Flow in Complex Vascular Networks: Stress, Adaptation, and Degeneration
   Dept. Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, 2001.
   
4. Matching Supply to Demand: Structural Adaptation in Complex Vascular Networks
   Biomedical Engineering Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2001.
   
5. Computational Modeling of the Cerebral Circulation
   Anesthesia Research Conference, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, 2000.
6. Arteriovenous Malformation Growth and Development
   Hemodynamics and Vascular Disease, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 2000.
7. Arterial System Modeling: the Past, the Present, and the Past Again
   Graduate Seminar Series, Columbia University, New York, NY, 1999.
8. Is Pulse Wave Reflection Beneficial or Detrimental? Evaluation of Arterial Compliance
   Seminar in honor of Abraham Noordergraaf, University of Pennsylvania, 1998.
9. Unstable Radii in Muscular Blood Vessels
   Physiology Seminar, Physiologie Institut der Karl-Franzens-Universität, 1995.
10. Poiseuille’s Law Revisited
    Biomedical Engineering Seminar Series, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 1994.

Conference

1. Pulse wave reflection described as feedback in the arterial system
   Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Durham, NC, 2001.
2. Adaptation of the cerebral circulation to arteriovenous shunts and vascular occlusion
   Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Durham, NC, 2001.
3. When the ventricle perceives the arterial system as a Windkessel
   Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 2000.
4. Input impedance at high and low frequencies reveals effects of propagation and reflection
   Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 2000.
5. Direct effects of pulse wave reflection may increase or decrease systolic blood pressure and stroke work
   Annual International Meeting of IEEE/EMB Society, Chicago, IL, 1997.
6. Total arterial compliance from input pressure and flow
   1st Cardiovascular Medicine, Science, and Mechanics Conference, Washington, DC, 1997.
7. Defining resistance in an autoregulating vascular bed
   1st Cardiovascular Medicine, Science, and Mechanics Conference, Washington, DC, 1997.
8. Interpretation of Windkessel compliance
   39th Annual Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, Boston, MA, 1995.
9. Pulse wave reflection and arterial inefficiency
   17th Annual International Conference of IEEE/EMB Society, Montreal, 1995.
10. Laplace's Law adapted to a blood vessel with two-phase wall structure
    21st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference, Bar Harbor, ME, 1995.
11. Reconciliation of Windkessel and distributed descriptions of linear arterial systems
    Summer Bioengineering Conference, Beaver Creek, CO, 1995.
12. The three-element model predicted from myocyte properties
    13th Annual Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, Washington, DC, 1994.
13. Unstable radii in muscular blood vessels
    13th Annual Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, Washington, DC, 1994.

Publications

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles

1. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Constructive and destructive addition of forward and reflected arterial pulse waves. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280: H1519-H1527, 2001.
2. Quick, C. M., T. Hashimoto, and W. L. Young. Lack of flow regulation may explain the development of arteriovenous malformations. Neurol. Res. 23: 641-644, 2001.
3. Quick, C. M., W. L. Young, and A. Noordergraaf. Infinite number of solutions to the hemodynamic inverse problem. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280: H1472-H1479, 2001.
4. Quick, C. M., W. L. Young, E. F. Leonard, S. Joshi, E. Gao, and T. Hashimoto. Model of structural and functional adaptation of small conductance vessels to arterial hypotension. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279: H1645-H1653, 2000.
5. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, D. A. Hettrick, and A. Noordergraaf. True arterial system compliance derived from apparent arterial compliance. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28: 291-301, 2000.
6. Hashimoto, T., C. W. Emala, S. Joshi, R. Mesa-Tejada, C. M. Quick, L. Feng. A. Libow, D. A. Marchuk, and W. L. Young. Abnormal of tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 47: 910-919, 2000.
7. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Apparent arterial compliance. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 43): H1393-H1404, 1998.
8. Berger, D. S., K. Vlasica, C. M. Quick, K. A. Robinson, and S. G. Shroff. Ejection has both positive and negative effects on left ventricular isovolumic relaxation. Am. J. Physiol. 273(Heart Circ. Physiol. 42): H2696-H2707, 1997.
9. Quick, C. M., H. L. Baldick, N. Safabakhsh, T. J. Lenihan, J. K-J. Li, H. W. Weizsäcker, and A. Noordergraaf. Unstable radii of muscular blood vessels. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 40): H2669-H2676, 1996.
10. Hashimoto, T., R. Mesa-Tejada, C. M. Quick, A. W. Bollen, S. Joshi, J. Pile-Spellman, M. T. Lawton, and W. L. Young. Evidence of increased endothelial cell turnover in brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 49: 124-132, 2001.
11. Quick, C. M., D. J. James, K. Ning, S. Joshi, A. X. Halim, T. Hashimoto, and W. L. Young. Relationship of nidal vessel radius and wall thickness to brain arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage. Neurol. Res. 24: 495-500, 2002.
12. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Arterial pulse wave reflection as feedback. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 49: 440-445, 2002.
13. Hashimoto T., Young W. L., Prohovnik I., Gupta D. K., Ostapkovich N. D., Ornstein E., Halim A. X., Quick C. M.: Clinical report; increased cerebral blood flow after brain arteriovenous malformation resection is substantially independent of changes in cardiac output. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 14: 204-208, 2002.
14. Quick, C. M., E. F. Leonard, and W. L. Young. Adaptation of the cerebral circulation to brain arteriovenous malformations increases feeding artery pressure and decreases regional hypotension Neurosurgery 50: 167-175, 2002.

Conference Articles and Abstracts

1. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Pulse wave reflection described as feedback in the arterial system (platform presentation). Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2001 (in press) Biomedical Engineering Society Meeting, Durham, NC, 2001.
2. Quick, C. M., L. D. Jou, and W. L. Young. Adaptation of the cerebral circulation to arteriovenous shunts and vascular occlusion. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2001. Biomedical Engineering Society Meeting, Durham, NC, 2001.
3. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. The arterial system pressure-volume loop. Heart and Vessels 13: 38, 2000. XIV Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 2000. (abstract)
4. Quick, C. M., T. Hashimoto, and W. L. Young. Instability in vascular adaptation can explain the development of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Heart and Vessels 13: 37, 2000. XIV Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 2000. (abstract)
5. Berger, D. S., and C. M. Quick. Reduction of a complex arterial tree into a simple Windkessel. Heart and Vessels13: 45, 2000. XIV Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 2000. (abstract)
6. Berger, D. S. and C. M. Quick. When the ventricle perceives the arterial system as a Windkessel. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28: S-63, 2000. Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 2000. (abstract)
7. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Input impedance at high and low frequencies reveals effects of propagation and reflection. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28: S-64, 2000. Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 2000. (abstract)
8. Hashimoto, T., R. Mesa-Tejada, C. M. Quick, A. W. Bollen, and W. L. Young. Increased endothelial cell turnover in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 12:386,2000.
9. Hashimoto, T., C. W. Emala, S. Joshi, C. M. Quick , and W. L. Young. Abnormal pattern of Tie-2 and VEGF receptor expression in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 12: 414, 2000.
10. Hashimoto, T., R. Mesa-Tejada, C. M. Quick, A. W. Bollen, and W. L. Young. Increased endothelial cell turnover in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Anesthesiology 93: A359, 2000. American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting, 2000.
11. Hashimoto, T., C. W. Emala, N. J. Boudreau, C. M. Quick , and W. L. Young. Abnormal expression of angiopoietin-2 and tie-2in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Anesthesiology 93:A360,2000. American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting, 2000.
12. Benni, P. B., C. M. Quick, B. Chen, H. Bada, C. W. Leffler, and M. L. Daley. NIRS: dose dependency of local changes of cerebral HbO2 and Hb with pCO2 in parietal cortex. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien) 71: 258-259, 1998. Tenth International ICP Symposium, Williamsburg, VA, 1997. (abstract)
13. Quick, C. M., D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf. Direct effects of pulse wave reflection may increase or decrease systolic blood pressure and stroke work. Proceedings, pp. 21-24, 19th Annual International Meeting of IEEE/EMB Society, Chicago, IL, 1997. (abstract) 
14. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, and A. Noordergraaf. Total arterial compliance from input pressure and flow. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci. Med. 1: 2, 1997. 1st Cardiovascular Medicine, Science, and Mechanics Conference, Washington, DC, 1997. (abstract)
15. Quick, C. M., G. M. Drzewiecki, and J. K-J. Li. Defining resistance in an autoregulating vascular bed. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci. Med. 1: 40, 1997. 1st Cardiovascular Medicine, Science, and Mechanics Conference, Washington, DC, 1997. (abstract)
16. Weizsäcker, H. W., G. W. Desch, C. M. Quick , and A. Noordergraaf. Passive mechanical properties of muscular arteries. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci. Med. 1: 51, 1997. 1st Cardiovascular Medicine, Science, and Mechanics Conference, Washington, DC, 1997.
17. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, D. A. O’Hara, and A. Noordergraaf. Apparent compliance. J. Cardiovasc. Diag. Proc.  13: 297, 1996. XII Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 1996. (abstract)
18. Palladino, J. L., J. P. Mulier, C. M. Quick, and A. Noordergraaf. Otto Frank: stern leader and scrupulous instrument analyst. J. Cardiovasc. Diag. Proc. 13: 302, 1996. XII Congress, Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society, Baltimore, MD, 1996.
19. Lei, C. Q., J. K-J. Li, and C. M. Quick. Comparison of time domain and frequency domain assessments of arterial wave reflections. Proceedings, pp. 7-8. 22nd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, New Brunswick, NJ, 1996.
20. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, D. A. O’Hara, and A. Noordergraaf. Interpretation of Windkessel compliance. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 23: S32, 1995. 39th Annual Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, Boston, MA, 1995. (abstract)
21. Quick, C. M., D. A. O’Hara, and A. Noordergraaf. Pulse wave reflection and arterial inefficiency. Proceedings, 17th Annual International Conference of IEEE/EMB Society, Montreal, 1995. (abstract)
22. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, H. W. Weizsäcker, and A. Noordergraaf. Laplace's Law adapted to a blood vessel with two-phase wall structure. Proceedings, pp. 1-3. 21st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference, Bar Harbor, ME, 1995. (abstract )
23. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, D. A. O’Hara,and A. Noordergraaf. Reconciliation of Windkessel and distributed descriptions of linear arterial systems. ASME BED-29, pp. 469-470, 1995. Summer Bioengineering Conference, Beaver Creek, CO, 1995. (abstract)
24. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, and D. A. O’Hara. Polar analysis of wave reflection in the arterial system. FASEB J. 9: A13, 1995. Experimental Biology, 1995.
25. Quick, C. M., and J. K.-J. Li. The effect of oncotic pressure on the equilibrium radius of blood vessels. Proceedings, 3rd Annual Biomedical Engineering Symposium, Piscataway, NJ, 1994. (abstract)
26. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, and G. M. Drzewiecki. Analytical solution for steady flow in a nonlinearly elastic vessel: prediction of negative resistance for positive transmural pressures. Proceedings, pp. 103-104, 16th Annual International Conference IEEE/EMB Society, Baltimore, MD, 1994. (abstract)
27. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, and A. Noordergraaf. The three-element model predicted from myocyte properties. Proceedings, pp. 816-819. 13th Annual Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, Washington, DC, 1994. (abstract)
28. Quick, C. M., J. K-J. Li, H. L. Baldick, H. W. Weizsäcker, and A. Noordergraaf. Unstable radii in muscular blood vessels. Proceedings, pp. 21-24. 13th Annual Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, Washington, DC, 1994. (abstract )
29. Mozley, P. D., A. Alavi, X. Zhu, M. H. Selikson, S. Galloway, J. Hickey, C. M. Quick, and H. F. Fung. Dosimetry of I-123 Labeled TISCH. J. Nuclear Med. 33: 954, 1992.